Stainless Steel (06Cr13Ni4Mo) Water Generator For Small Hydro Power Plant / Water Turbine Generator Unit

Water Generator for Small Hydro Power Plant / Water Turbine Generator Unit

Basic Data

Hydro Turbine Generator units & Accessories

Any other sizes are available according to customers' special requests.

We mainly supply Hydraulic turbines system , such as Kaplan Turbine, Propeller turbine, Francis Turbine and Pelton Turbine, Turgo Turbine,Tubular turbine and so on, also with Speed Governor, Generator, Valves, Excitation system,control panels and its other accessories.

1.Francis turbine

The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James B. Francis. It is an inward flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today.

Francis turbines of both vertical and horizontal types are suitable for water head from 15m to 400m. Its feature is that the water flow enters the runner inward in a radial direction, changes direction gradually and then passes out axially. Francis turbine is characterized by reliable operation, simple construction, and high efficiency, etc.

The Francis type turbines are mostly suitable for hydro-power stations with medium or high head. The Francis type turbines manufactured by the Fuchun are compact in structure, reasonable in design, convenient in operation and maintenance and excellent in efficiency. They are in both vertical and horizontal shaft arrangement and can be vastly selected by the hydraulic power stations. With many years of our own experience and absorbing advanced technology from domestic and abroad sources, and in meeting ever growing requirements of stations for various hydraulic power resources, the manufacture and design level of Francis turbines made in Fuchun has been raised to new stages.

2. Impulse type turbine

The impulse type turbines are the best election for high head and small discharge hydraulic power resources. They have compact structure, small size, high efficiency and need fewer investments.They have been divided into Turgo and Pelton type.

2.1 Pelton turbine

Pelton who invented it in 1880,also called a free-jet turbine or Pelton wheel, a type of Impulse turbine, named after L. A.Water passes through nozzles and strikes spoon-shaped buckets or cups arranged on the periphery of a runner, which causes the runner to rotate, producing mechanical energy. The runner is fixed on a shaft, and the rotational motion of the turbine is transmitted by the shaft to a generator. The nozzle and runner of Pelton Hydro Turbine is on the same plane, the jet direction is tangent line of runner circumference. Water from penstock is transformed into high-speed water column to inject bucket of runner, rotate the runner and work. The main shaft rotates the generator to generate electricity. The runner is above the water, excavation due to cavitation is unnecessary; the cavitation friction is less than other type turbines. The efficiency under partial load is higher. It needn’t draft tube, spiral case and complex distributor, the construction is simple, maintenance and management is convenient. The deflector can extend the closing time of needle, increase the water hammer effective. It is favorable for power plant with high water head and long diversion steel pipe. Its operation is reliable and no damage to the environment.

2.2 Turgo turbine

Turgo or called inclined-jet impulse turbine is a kind of impulse turbine.Its nozzle make the angle of 22.5°with the rotating plane of the runner.Water come from reservoir or forebay enters the nozzle via a penstock and the intake pipe becomes high velocity jet,then the jet injects the vanes of runner. The water flow enters in the inlet of vane and go out of the vane and the turbine does a work.Its output drives a generator via shaft and a coupling.

Turgo turbine compared with tangential impulse or called pelton one has a lot of advantage such as higher specific speed,wide range of application as well as easy match directive driving generator,except wide range of application as well as easy match directive driving generator,except simple of construction, reliable operation,convenience in operation and maintenance etc.

The impulse type turbines made by Fuchun are ranging from 60 to 2,000m in water head,100kW to 20MW in capacity and 0.55 to 3 in runner diameter. Theirs shaft arrangements are either vertical or horizontal and they may have single nozzle, twin or multi-nozzles.

3. Axial flow turbine

The axial flow turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. The design combines radial and axial features. The inlet is a scroll shaped tube that wraps around the turbine''s wicket gate. Water is directed tangentially through the wicket gate and spirals on to a propeller shaped runner, causing it to spin.

The axial-flow turbine can be classified into two forms according to the runner construction: fixed blades (Propeller) for small variation of head and power, the other is adjustable blades (Kaplan) for large variation of head and power.

1.Fixed blades(Propeller): generally applicable to power station that is small and medium capacity, small variation of head and power.

Features:

(1) Simple structure

(2) When deviate from the design condition, the efficiency will fell sharply

2.Adjustable blades (Kaplan):generally applicable to power station that is large and medium capacity, large variation of head and power.

Features:

(1) combined automatically adjusted blades with automatically adjusted guide vane to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level,Wide range of high efficiency zone.

(2)Because of the need to rotating blades operating mechanism, the structure is more complex

Kaplan turbine is developed in 1913 by the Austrian professor Kaplan. Its invention allowed efficient power production in low-head applications that was not possible with Francis turbines.The feature of Kaplan turbine is the water flow passes through the runner axially. Kaplan turbines are widely used throughout the world for electrical power production. The Kaplan turbine is suitable to the hydropower stations with low head and large flow. The head ranges from 3m to 80m. They cover the lowest head hydro sites and are especially suited for high flow conditions.Inexpensive micro turbines on the Kaplan turbine model are manufactured for individual power production with as little as two feet of head.

The axial flow type turbines manufactured by the Fuchun, are ranging from 3to 45m in water head, 100kW to 30MW in capacity and 0.8 to 6m in runner diameter.

4.Tubular turbine

The tubular turbine requires less space than other turbines, a saving in civil costs is realized due to a smaller powerhouse and shallow requirements for the draft tube, which is equipped with adjustable wicket gates and adjustable runner blades. This arrangement provides the greatest possible flexibility in adapting to changing net head and changing demands for power output; because the gates and blades can be adjusted to their optimum openings.

The tubular turbines are the best selection for exploitation of tidal power and hydraulic power with extremely low heads and extremely large flow rates. They have large discharge, high specific and high efficiency, and need less excavation.

They have been classified into Bulb, Pit, Siphon and “S” types in the light of their structural types.

At present, Fuchun has developed 16 varieties of tubular turbines, ranging from 2 to 25m in water head, 200KW to 16MW in capacity, and 0.8m to 5.8m in runner diameter. They offered the best selection for exploitation of low head hydropower resources.

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